ABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del peso corporal sobre indicadores bioproductivos en gallinas White Leghorn L33. Se estudiaron 192 gallinas ponedoras con 39 semanas de edad durante un período de seis semanas y con tres observaciones semanales. Se diseñaron dos grupos según peso vivo, con 96 gallinas cada uno (tres réplicas de 32 aves), teniendo el grupo 1 entre 1500-1600 g y el grupo 2 entre 1735-1820 g; este último correspondió al rango establecido para este híbrido con esa edad. Además de la viabilidad y mortalidad se determinaron las variables bioproductivas (producción, peso, tamaño, forma y grosor de la cáscara de los huevos), así como la proporción de sucios, manchados y cascados. En la última semana del estudio, se analizó la calidad interna del huevo (dimensión y color de clara y yema) y se calcularon los índices de yema, clara y Unidades Haugh. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva y se utilizaron las pruebas T de Student y Fisher (P < 0,05) para comparar las medias entre grupos. Se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre producción, peso y tamaño de los huevos para el grupo de mayor peso corporal. Asimismo, se comprobó mayor calidad interna del huevo (altura de clara y yema) en este segundo grupo. Sin embargo, no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en la calidad externa de los huevos (sucios, manchados, cascados), pero sí en el grosor de la cáscara. Se concluye que el peso corporal influye directa y positivamente sobre los indicadores bioproductivos en gallinas White Leghorn L33.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the corporal weight on bioproductive indicators in White Leghorn L33 hens. They were studied 192 egg-laying hens with 39 weeks of age during a period of six weeks and with a frequency of three weekly observations. Two groups according to the alive weight with 96 hens each one (three replies of 32 birds) were designed, having the group 1 (1500-1600 g) and group 2 (17351820 g), and being this last group the established range for this crossbreed with that age. Besides of viability and mortality bioproductive variables (production, weight, size, form and nutshell thickness of the eggs) were determined, as well as the proportion of dirty, stained and cracked eggs. In the last week of study the internal quality (dimension and color of egg white and yolk) was analyzed and the yolk and white index and Haugh Units were calculated. Descriptive statistics was realized and the Student's t and Fisher tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare means between groups. Significant statistical differences among production, weight, and size of eggs for group of bigger corporal weight were evidenced. Likewise, bigger internal quality of the egg (height of the egg white and yolk) in this second group was demonstrated. However, significant differences in the external quality of the eggs (dirty, stained and cracked) were not evidenced, unlike in the nutshell thickness. It is concluded that corporal weight influences direct and positively on bioproductive indicators in White Leghorn L33 hens.
ABSTRACT
We investigated the effect of -174 G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL6 gene on plasma IL-6 levels and muscle strength, and the relationship between IL-6 levels and muscle strength in elderly women. The sample consisted of 199 elderly residents (73.0 ± 7.8 years old) from rest homes and the community in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. -174 G/C polymorphism was determined by direct sequencing of the product by PCR, and plasma IL-6 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Muscle strength in the knee joint was evaluated using a Biodex System 3 Pro® isokinetic dynamometer. ANCOVA was used to determine the effect of polymorphism on IL-6 levels and muscle strength, and the Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between IL-6 levels and muscle strength. -174 G/C polymorphism was associated with the plasma IL-6 levels of elderly women (P < 0.01) since homozygotes for the G allele showed high IL-6 levels (GG 3.85 pg/mL, GC + CC 2.13 pg/mL). There was no association of polymorphism on muscle strength (P > 0.05). No association was found between IL-6 levels and knee extensor muscle (r = 0.087, P = 0.306) or flexor (r = -0.011, P = 0.894) strength. An interaction between -174 G/C polymorphism and housing conditions of the sample of elderly women was identified, with the effect of genotype on IL-6 levels being higher in the institutionalized elderly. These results support the evidence that -174 G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene associates with individual variability of plasma IL-6 levels in elderly women.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , /blood , /genetics , Muscle Strength/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Exercise Test , Genotype , Isometric Contraction , Knee Joint , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is an aquatic mammal of the Mustelidae family, endemic to South America. Its original distribution corresponds to the region from the Guyanas to Central-North Argentina, but it is extinct or on the verge of extinction in most of its historical range. Currently, the species is considered endangered by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Based on its geographic distribution in the South American continent and on some morphological characters, two subspecies were suggested: P. brasiliensis brasiliensis, occurring in the Amazon and Orinoco River Basins, and P. brasiliensis paranensis, in the Paraná and Paraguai River Basins. However, there is no consensus on assuming this subspecies division and no detailed studies have been carried out to elucidate this question. This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of Pteronura brasiliensis along its range in Brazil to check the possibility of the existence of two distinct subspecies using also a reciprocal monophyly criterion. We analyzed the control region, and the Cytochrome b and Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I genes of the mitochondrial DNA in several giant otter populations from the Amazon and Paraguai River Basins. Analyses have indicated some degree of geographic correlation and a high level of inter-population divergence, although the subspecies division is not highly supported. As we observed strong population structure, we cannot rule out the existence of further divisions shaping the species distribution. The results suggest that a more complex population structure occurs in P. brasiliensis, and the conservation practice should concentrate on preserving all remaining local populations.
A ariranha (Pteronura brasiliensis) é um mamífero aquático da família Mustelidae, endêmico da América do Sul. Sua distribuição original se estendia desde as Guianas até o centro-norte da Argentina, mas está extinta ou à beira da extinção na maior parte de sua distribuição histórica. Atualmente a espécie é considerada como ameaçada de extinção pela World Conservation Union (IUCN). Em função de sua distribuição no continente sul-americano e de algumas características morfológicas, duas subespécies foram sugeridas: P. brasiliensis brasiliensis, com ocorrência nas bacias do Amazonas e Orinoco, e P. brasiliensis paranensis, ocorrendo nas bacias dos Rios Paraná e Paraguai. Inexiste, contudo, um consenso sobre a validade da divisão em subespécies e nenhum estudo detalhado foi realizado para elucidar esta questão. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional de P. brasiliensis ao longo de sua distribuição no Brasil para verificar a existência de duas subespécies baseando-se também em um critério de monofilia recíproca. A região controle e os genes do Citocromo b e da Subunidade I da Citocromo c Oxidase do DNA mitocondrial foram analisados em diversas populações de ariranha que ocorrem nas bacias dos rios Amazonas e Paraguai. As análises indicaram um grau moderado de correlação geográfica e um alto nível de divergência inter-populacional, embora a divisão em subespécies não seja bem sustentada. Como uma forte estruturação populacional foi observada, não é possível descartar a existência de outras subdivisões nesta espécie. Os resultados indicam a presença de uma estrutura populacional mais complexa em P. brasiliensis, o que implica que medidas de conservação deveriam concentrar seus esforços preservando todas as populações locais remanescentes.